![]() ![]() ![]() The sequence identities with the β-lactamase gene sequences of the GenBank database using BLAST analysis were as follows: bla ADC-like (100%), bla TEM-like (100%), bla OXA-23-like (100%), bla OXA-51-like (100%) and bla OXA-58-like (100%). The following primers were used to detect these genes (see Table S1 in the Supplementary Materials): ADC-F1/R1, TEM-F/R, OXA(2)-F/R, OXA(5)-F/R and OXA(6)-F/R. Namely, the genes were bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-51-like and bla OXA-58-like. In case of OXA, however, out of the eleven subfamilies examined, the presence of three subgroups was confirmed. The detected β-lactamase genes were as follows: bla ADC-like, bla TEM-like and bla OXA-like ( Figure S1 in the Supplementary Materials). Out of the 13 different types of β-lactamases examined, 10 types of genes were not experimentally confirmed. ![]() One member of the class C β-lactamase family (ADC), eight members of class A β-lactamases (CARB, CTX-M, GES, KPC, PER, SHV, TEM, VEB), three gene families of subclass B1 (IMP, NDM, VIM) and one member of class D β-lactamases (oxacillinases OXA) were examined using PCR for the selected isolate. baumannii isolate is mainly due to an overproduction of β-lactamases in combination with other resistance mechanism (efflux pump system). This study suggests that resistance to β-lactams in this A. baumannii AC30 genome and 76 regions with high homology. Furthermore, a gene order comparison using MAUVE alignment showed multiple changes compared with the clinical isolate of Malaysian A. PCR and sequencing confirmed that the isolate harbored five bla gene alleles, namely, bla ADC-73, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-23, bla OXA-58 and bla OXA-66, as well as aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfonamides and tetracyclines resistance determinants, which were either chromosomally and/or plasmid located. baumannii of ST2 P/ST195 Ox and to characterize possible enzymes, as well as its β-lactam resistome, using PCR and whole-genome sequencing analysis. This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of β-lactamases in a selected clinical isolate of A. It is necessary to detect β-lactamase-producing microorganisms in clinical settings to be able to control the spread of carbapenem resistance. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, is becoming a serious threat to public health. ![]()
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